Newborn Jaundice Testing

WHAT IS IT?

The Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) test is a blood test used to measure the level of bilirubin in a newborn's blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. High levels of bilirubin can cause jaundice, which is characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

  • Jaundice is common in newborns, affecting about 60% of full-term infants.

  • While mild jaundice is usually harmless, high levels of bilirubin can lead to severe jaundice, which, if left untreated, can cause serious complications such as brain damage.

HOW IS IT TESTED?

The TSB test involves taking a small blood sample from the baby, usually from a heel prick. The blood sample is then analyzed in a laboratory to determine the level of bilirubin. This test is typically conducted 24 hours after birth but can be done sooner if the baby shows signs of jaundice or if the baby is at high risk for developing severe jaundice.

BENEFITS

  • Early detection of elevated bilirubin levels allows for timely intervention

  • The TSB test is a reliable and accurate method for measuring bilirubin levels.

  • If high bilirubin levels are detected, treatments such as phototherapy can be administered to lower the bilirubin levels and prevent complications.

ARE THERE REASONS NOT TO TEST?

Some parents might prefer to avoid any blood tests unless absolutely necessary. However, the TSB test is a safe and simple screening tool with minimal risks, making it a beneficial routine test for all newborns. The blood sample is collected at the same time as the Newborn Screening. 

ALTERNATIVES

  • Transcutaneous Bilirubin Screening (TcB): Some midwives use a TcB test that shines light through the ear to measure bilirubin levels. Results can vary due to factors like skin tone, so a high reading may require a follow-up blood test for accuracy.

  • Visual Assessment: Health care providers can visually check for jaundice by inspecting the baby's skin and eyes, though this is less accurate than a blood test.

  • Home Monitoring: Some parents may choose to monitor their baby for jaundice at home and contact their midwife if they notice symptoms. However, this could lead to missed or delayed diagnosis of severe jaundice.